Lettera Di Poggio Bracciolini 1380 1459 A Guarino Veronese

AbstractPoggio, like many other humanists of his generation, was not a systematic philosopher, and his works contain many apparent contradictions. This is all the more so since he wrote few expository tracts, but rather dialogues, a history, numerous letters, and a collection of jokes. He was a humanist who sometimes ranked the Church Fathers above the classics, denied the exemplary value of the ancient world, yet balked at the suggestion that the moderns could surpass antiquity or that modernity be judged by other standards than the classical past. An almost lifelong papal employee, he agitated against hypocritical clergy, yet fathered 14 children with his common-law wife. If there was one unifying factor in Poggio’s outlook, it lay in his unflinching observation of human foibles and frailty, met with good-humored laughter, biting sarcasm, and sometimes deep despair.

Died30 October 1459 (1459-10-30) (aged 79)NationalityOccupationChildren5 sons and a daughterGian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini (11 February 1380 – 30 October 1459), usually referred to simply as Poggio Bracciolini, was an scholar and an early. He was responsible for rediscovering and recovering many manuscripts, mostly decaying and forgotten in German, Swiss, and French libraries.

His most celebrated finds are, the only surviving work by, by, lost orations by such as, 's, ', and 's, as well as works by several minor authors such as ',. Historia Florentina, 1478Poggio resided in Florence during 1434−36 with Eugene IV. On the proceeds of a sale of a manuscript of in 1434, he built himself a villa in the, which he adorned with a collection of antique sculpture (notably a series of busts meant to represent thinkers and writers of Antiquity), coins and inscriptions, works that were familiar to his friend.In December 1435, at age 56, tired of the unstable character of his single life, Poggio left his long-term mistress and delegitimized the fourteen children he had had with the mistress, scoured Florence for a wife, and married a girl not yet eighteen, Selvaggia dei Buondelmonti, of a noble Florentine family. In spite of the remonstrances and dire predictions of all his friends about the age discrepancy, the marriage was a happy one, producing five sons and a daughter. Poggio wrote a spate of long letters to justify his move, and composed one of his famous dialogues, An Seni Sit uxor ducenda ( On Marriage in Old Age, 1436).From 1439 to 1442 during the, Poggio also lived in Florence.Dispute with Valla In his quarrel against —an expert at philological analysis of ancient texts, a redoubtable opponent endowed with a superior intellect, and a hot temperament fitted to protracted disputation—Poggio found his match. Poggio started in February 1452 with a full-dress critique of the Elegantiae, Valla's major work on Latin language and style, where he supported a critical use of Latin eruditio going beyond pure admiration and respectful imitatio of the classics.At stake was the new approach of the humanae litterae (profane classical Greek and Latin literature) in relation to the divinae litterae (biblical exegesis of the Judeo-Christian 'sacred scriptures').

Valla argued that biblical texts could be subjected to the same philological criticism as the great classics of antiquity. Poggio held that humanism and theology were separate fields of inquiry, and labeled Valla's mordacitas (radical criticism) as dementia.Poggio's series of five Orationes in Laurentium Vallam (re-labeled Invectivae by Valla) were countered, line by line, by Valla's Antidota in Pogium (1452−53). It is remarkable that eventually the belligerents acknowledged their talents, gained their mutual respect, and prompted by Filelfo, reconciled, and became good friends.

Shepherd finely comments on Valla's advantage in the literary dispute: the power of irony and satire (making a sharp imprint on memory) versus the ploddingly heavy dissertation (that is quickly forgotten). These sportive polemics among the early Italian humanists were famous, and spawned a literary fashion in Europe which reverberated later, for instance, in 's contentions with and 's with. 224, 15th centuryPoggio's declining days were spent in the discharge of his prestigious Florentine office—glamorous at first, but soon turned irksome—conducting his intense quarrel with, editing his correspondence for publication, and in the composition of his history of Florence. He died in 1459 before he could put the final polish to his work, and was buried in the church of. A statue by and a portrait by remain to commemorate a citizen who chiefly for his services to literature deserved the notice of posterity.During his life, Poggio kept acquiring properties around Florence and invested in the city enterprises with the.

At his death, his gross assets amounted to 8,500 florins, with only 137 families in Florence owning a larger capital. His wife, five sons and daughter all survived him.Search for manuscripts After July 1415— had been deposed by the Council of Constance and the Roman had abdicated—the papal office remained vacant for two years, which gave Poggio some leisure time in 1416/17 for his pursuit of manuscript hunting. In the spring of 1416 (sometime between March and May), Poggio visited the baths at the German spa of.

Poggio Bracciolini. T1 ©Pearson Italia S.p.A. 1 Baldi, Giusso, Razetti, Zaccaria 5 10 15 20 25 30 Poggio fiorentino segretario apostolico saluta il suo Guarino veronese. So che nonostante le tue molte occupazioni quotidiane, per la tua gentilezza e benevolenza verso. Poggio Bracciolini. Via Poggio Bracciolini, 26 50126 Firenze - Italia Tel +39 055 685698 / +39 0 Fax +39 0 E-mail: info@poggiobracciolini.it.

In a long letter to Niccoli (p. 59−68) he reported his discovery of an 'Epicurean' lifestyle—one year before finding Lucretius—where men and women bathe together, barely separated, in minimum clothing: 'I have related enough to give you an idea what a numerous school of Epicureans is established in Baden. I think this must be the place where the first man was created, which the Hebrews call. If pleasure can make a man happy, this place is certainly possessed of every requisite for the promotion of felicity.' (p. 66)Poggio was marked by the passion of his teachers for books and writing, inspired by the first generation of Italian humanists centered around (1304–1374), who had revived interest in the forgotten masterpieces of Livy and Cicero, (1313–1375) and Coluccio Salutati (1331–1406). Poggio joined the second generation of civic humanists forming around Salutati. Main article:Poggio's most famous find was the discovery of the only surviving manuscript of 's ( 'On the Nature of Things') known at the time, in a German monastery (never named by Poggio, but probably ), in January 1417. Poggio spotted the name, which he remembered as quoted by Cicero.

This was a Latin poem of 7,400 lines, divided into six books, giving a full description of the world as viewed by the ancient Greek philosopher (see ). The manuscript found by Poggio is not extant, but fortunately, he sent the copy to his friend, who made a transcription in his renowned book hand (as Niccoli was the creator of ), which became the model for the more than fifty other copies circulating at the time. Poggio would later complain that Niccoli had not returned his original copy for 14 years.

Later, two 9th-century manuscripts were discovered, the O (the Codex Oblongus, copied c. 825) and Q (the Codex Quadratus), now kept at. The book was first printed in 1473.The -winning 2011 book by is a narrative of the discovery of the old Lucretius manuscript by Poggio. Greenblatt analyzes the poem's subsequent impact on the development of the Renaissance, the Reformation, and modern science. Friends Poggio cultivated and maintained throughout his life close friendships with some of the most important learned men of the age: (the inventor of the ), Leonardo Bruni ('Leonardo Aretino'), Lorenzo and Cosimo de' Medici, Carlo Marsuppini ('Carlo Aretino'), Feltrino Boiardo, (who became Marquis of, 1441–1450), and many others, who all shared his passion for retrieving the manuscripts and art of the ancient Greco-Roman world. Following an old engraving; from Alfred Gudeman, Imagines philologorum: 160 bildnisse., (Leipzig/Berlin) 1911.

Date in Cav. Toneilli's ms Elogi delli uomini illustri Toscani, noted by, The Life of Poggio Bracciolini.

David Rundle, 'The Scribe Thomas Candour and the making of Poggio Bracciolini’s English reputation', in English Manuscript Studies 1100–1700, xii (2005), pp. 1–25. A silver-gilt reliquary bust in the form of a mitred bishop, bearing Poggio's and his wife's arms, made to contain relics of in 1438 or 1439, is at the (James J. Rorimer, 'A Reliquary Bust Made for Poggio Bracciolini' The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin New Series, 14.10 (June 1956), pp. 246−251). Lodi Nauta, 'Lorenzo Valla', Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP, 2009). 'Poggio concentrates all his literary skill on the task of leading Valla through a carnivalesque triumph whose itinerary goes from earth (the streets of imperial Rome) to the inferno (of Satan and his demons) to the Elysian fields of immortal heroes, and finally back on earth into Valla's miserable hut.'

Described in Salvatore I. Camporeale, 'Poggio Bracciolini versus Lorenzo Valla: The Orationes in Laurentium Vallam' in Joseph Marino & Melinda Schlitt eds., Perspectives on Early Modern & Modern Intellectual History – Essays in Honor of Nancy S. Struever (Un. Of Rochester Press, 2001) p. 27−48; which is an extension of a previous article in Italian, 'Poggio Bracciolini contro Lorenzo Valla: Le Orationes in L.

Vallam' in Poggio Bracciolini 1380–1980 (Firenze, 1982), p. 137−161. Marvin Anderson, 'Erasmus the Exegete' (1969), Concordia Theological Monthly 40 (11): 722–746.

Kenneth R. Bartlett, 'The Italian Renaissance. Lecture 6' sound recording, in Great courses, (Teaching Company, 2005).; Poggio's manuscript codex of eight of the orations, lat. Poggio's Latin to one may be translated 'This oration, formerly lost owing to the fault of the times, Poggio restored to the Latin-speaking world and brought it back to Italy, having found it hidden in Gaul, in the woods of Langres, and having written it in memory of Tully Marcus Tullius Cicero and for the use of the learned.' .; and ', both in Jeremy Norman's From Cave Paintings to the Internet. Stephen Greenblatt, ', The New Yorker, (August 8, 2011). Jimmy So, ', The Daily Beast, (October 7, 2011).

David Quint, ', a review of The Swerve - How the World Became Modern by Stephen Greenblatt ( The New Republic, September 28, 2011). Anthony Grafton, ', a review of The Swerve - How the World Became Modern by Stephen Greenblatt ( The New York Review of Books, December 8, 2011). Ann P. Lang, De Avaritia, p. 109-114. 'Poggio Braccioline legt in seiner Schrift Machiavellismus vor Machiavelli dar.' (Ernst Walser, Leben und Werke, p.

258). David Marsh, The Quattrocento Dialogue: Classical Tradition and Humanist Innovation (Harvard Un.

Press, 1980). Frederick Krantz, 'Between Bruni and Machiavelli: History, Law, and Historicism in Poggio Bracciolini', in Phyllis Mack & Margaret C. Jacob, Politics & Culture in Early Modern Europe - Essays in Honour of H.G. Koenigsberger (Cambridge Un. Press, 1987), pp. 119–152. William Shepherd, Life of Poggio Bracciolini (1837), p.

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461–2. Poggio sold 2 volumes of 's epistles for 100 ducats to Lionello d'Este, marquis of, which was a quarter of a top university professor's annual salary.

When Niccolo Niccoli, who had the largest private collection of manuscripts and copies, died, his library contained 800 books. Poggio, On Avarice in Benjamin G. Kohl, Ronald G. Witt and Elizabeth B. Welles, The Earthly Republic: Italian humanists on government and society, (1978), p. 242., The origin and development of humanistic script, Rome, 1960, p. 77References.